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상품설명
Concentrated Herbal Extract
Helps maintain healthy liver function.*
Natural.
Milk Thistle Seed Extract
Botanical Name: Silybum marianum
Common Names: St. Mary`s Thistle
Overview
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) has been used since Greco-Roman times as an herbal remedy for a variety of ailments, particularly liver problems. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries physicians in the United States used milk thistle seeds to relieve congestion of the liver, spleen, and kidneys. Today, several scientific studies suggest that active substances in milk thistle (particularly silymarin) protect the liver from damage caused by viruses, toxins, alcohol, and certain drugs such as acetaminophen (a common over the counter medication used for headaches and pain; acetaminophen, also called paracetamol, can cause liver damage if taken in large quantities or by people who drink alcohol regularly.)
Plant Description
Milk thistle is native to the Mediterranean, but is now widespread throughout the world. This stout thistle usually grows in dry, sunny areas. The stem branches at the top, and reaches a height of 4 to 10 feet. The leaves are wide, with white blotches or veins. The flowers are red-purple. The small, hard-skinned fruit is brown, spotted, and shiny. Milk thistle is easy to grow, and it matures quickly, in less than a year.
What`s It Made Of?
The active ingredient, or liver-protecting compound in milk thistle is known as silymarin. This substance, which actually consists of a group of compounds called flavonolignands, helps repair liver cells damaged by alcohol and other toxic substances. Silymarin also keeps new liver cells from being destroyed by these same substances, reduces inflammation (important for people with liver inflammation or hepatitis), and has potent antioxidant effects.
Most milk thistle products are standardized preparations extracted from the fruits (seeds) of the plant. Most preparations are standardized to contain 70% to 80% of flavonolignans (silibinin, silychristin, and silydianin), collectively known as silymarin.
What health professionals say about Milk Thistle?
Many professional herbalists recommend milk thistle extract for the prevention and/or treatment of various liver disorders including viral hepatitis, fatty liver associated with long term alcohol use, and liver damage from drugs and industrial toxins such as carbon tetrachloride.
Milk Thistle helps maintain healthy liver function through its antioxidant properties. It is frequently used by people concerned with cigarette smoke, alcohol and other environmental toxins. Liver Care Milk Thistle provides all the benefits you have come to expect from our regular herb products with the added convenience of one capsule a day dosing. Our time release technology makes taking the recommended dosage of the herb more convenient and easier to remember. Liver Care Milk Thistle provides a 12-hour release of the herbal benefits you seek at a low cost per day.
Vitamin A is essential for healthy eyes, healthy skin and supports the immune system. Vitamin D is involved in proper bone development and maintenance.*
Liver Care
Milk Thistle has been known for over 600 years for its action on the liver. Many scientific studies now underscore the ability of milk thistle seed extract to help maintain healthy liver function. The exceptional benefits of this extract are due to powerful antioxidant properties which help to optimize health and well-being.*
Herbs have been a part of the human tradition since ancient times. Today, modern science continues to discover the true mechanism behind these historically celebrated botanicals. Nature`s Bounty is proud to take this long standing herbal tradition to a new level with the introduction of Herbal Sure...whole herb concentrated in convenient, easy-to-swallow soft gelatin capsules.
Each Liver Care is provides you with whole herb benefit. We start with whole raw herb, eliminate the bulk of the cellulose and other inert ingredients to produce a concentrated extract that retains the botanicals original phytochemicals. These extracts are traditionally described as a ratio. A 4:1 extract, for example means that four parts of raw herb have been condensed down to one part herbal concentrate.
Furthermore, to protect the supplement`s potency and to prevent oxidation, the extracts are hermetically sealed in soft gelatin capsules and then individually blister packed.
Guaranteed Free Of: Yeast, wheat, gluten, milk or milk derivatives, lactose, sugar, preservatives, artificial flavor, sodium (less than 5 mg per serving).
Available Forms
- Capsules of standardized dried herb
(each capsule contains about 120 to 140 mg silymarin) - Liquid extract
- Tincture
- Silymarin phosphatidyl choline complex
The silymarin in milk thistle seeds is difficult to absorb. The more concentrated the solution of silymarin, the more easily it is absorbed and the more readily it enters the bloodstream. Standardized capsules are the most concentrated form and, therefore, should be used whenever possible. Silymarin-phosphatidylcholine complex may be absorbed even more easily than regular standardized milk thistle. In clinical trials, the silymarin-phosphatidylcholine complex has worked better than silymarin by itself for treating liver disorders. A key element in cell membranes, phosphatidylcholine helps the silymarin attach easily to the cell membranes. This may keep toxins from getting inside liver cells. Alcohol extracts may be less effective and, therefore, should likely be avoided.
Precautions
The use of herbs is a time-honored approach to strengthening the body and treating disease. Herbs, however, contain active substances that can trigger side effects and interact with other herbs, supplements, or medications. For these reasons, herbs should be taken with care, under the supervision of a practitioner knowledgeable in the field of botanical medicine.
Side effects from milk thistle happen only rarely, but may include stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, rash or other skin reactions, joint pain, impotence, and anaphylaxis (a life-threatening allergic reaction that causes throat tightness, shortness of breath, and, possibly, loss of consciousness.) The last two reactions listed are extremely rare.
Milk thistle should not be used by pregnant or breastfeeding women.
Possible Interactions
If you are currently being treated with any of the following medications, you should not use milk thistle without first talking to your healthcare provider.
Similar to its ability to protect against damage to the liver from alcohol and acetominophen, as discussed in the Overview, milk thistle may also protect against liver damage from the following medications:
Antipsychotics: This group of medications used for schizophrenia includes butyrophenones (such as haloperidol) and phenothiazines (such as chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, and promethazine)
Phenytoin: a medication used for seizures
Halothane: a medication used during general anesthesia
Other medications that may interact with milk thistle include:
Aspirin
One animal study found that milk thistle may enhance the effectiveness of aspirin in rats with liver cirrhosis. Whether this herb-drug combination has the same effect in people is not known at this time.
Chemotherapy medications
Preliminary research suggests that silybin may enhance the tumor fighting effects of cisplatin and doxorubicin when tested against breast and ovarian cancer cells.
In addition, milk thistle may protect the kidneys against toxic side effects associated with cisplatin and cyclosporine, two medications that are commonly used to treat cancer.
On the other hand, a different laboratory study revealed that the anticancer effect of cisplatin and ifosfamide was diminished in the presence of milk thistle. More research needs to be done to assess how milk thistle and cancer-fighting agents interact.
Supporting Research
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Milk thistle: effects on liver disease and cirrhosis and clinical adverse effects. Summary, evidence report/technology assessment: number 21, September 2000. Accessed at: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/milktsum.htm on April 15, 2002.
Bhatia N, Zhao J, Wolf DM, Agarwal R. Inhibition of human carcinoma cell growth and DNA synthesis by silibinin, an active constituent of milk thistle: comparison with silymarin. Cancer Lett. 1999;147(1-2):77-84.
Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckmann J. Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs. Newton, MA: Integrative Medicine Communications; 2000:257-263.
Bokemeyer C, Fels LM, DunnT, et al. Silibinin protects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity without compromising cisplatin on isosfamide anti-tumor activity. Br J Cancer. 1996;74:2036–2041.
Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications; 1998:103-104.
Campos R, Garrido A, Guerra R, et al. Silybin dihemisuccinate protects against glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation induced by acetaminophen on rat liver. Planta Med. 1989;55:417–419.
Feher J, Deak G, Muzes G, Lang I, Neiderland V, Nekan K, et al. Hepatoprotective activity of silymarin therapy in patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease. Orv Hetil. 1990;130:51.
Ferenci P, Dragosics B, Dittrich H, Frank H., Benda L, Lochs H, et al. Randomized controlled trial of silymarin treatment in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. J Hepatol. 1989;9:105-113.
Fintelmann V. Modern phytotherapy and its uses in gastrointestinal conditions. [Review]. Planta Med. 1991;57(7):S48-52.
Flora K, Hahn M, Rosen H, Benner K. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) for the therapy of liver disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 1998;93:139–43.
Gaedeke J, Fels LM, Bokemeyer C, et al. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity and protection by silibinin. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1996;11:55–62.
Giese LA. A study of alternative health care use for gastrointestinal disorders. Gastroenterol Nurs. 2000;23(1):19-27.
Jiang C, Agarwal R, Lu J. Anti-angiogenic potential of a cancer chemopreventive flavonoid antioxidant, Silymairn: inhibition of key attributes of vascular endothelial cells and angiogenic cytokine secretion by cancer epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000;276:371-378.
Krecman V, Skottova N, Walterova D, Ulrichova J, Simanek V. Silymarin inhibits the development of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. Planta Med. 1998;64(2):138-142.
Low Dog T. Traditional and alternative therapies for breast cancer. Altern Ther Health Med. 2001;7(3):36-47.
Luper S. A review of plants used in the treatment of liver disease: part 1. [Review].
Altern Med Rev. 1998;3(6):410-421.
Mourelle M, Favari L. Silymarin improves metabolism and disposition of aspirin in cirrhotic rats. Life Sci. 1988;43:201–207.
Palasciano G, Portincasa P, Palmieri V, Ciani D, Vendemiale G, Altomare E. The effect of silymarin on plasma levels of malon-dialdehyde in patients receiving long-term treatment with psychotropic drugs. Curr Therapeut Res. 1994;55(5):537-545.
Rotblatt M, Ziment I. Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine. Philadelphia, PA: Hanley & Belfus, Inc; 2002:266-271.
Scanbia G, De Vincenzo RD, Ranelletti FO, et al. Antiproliferative effect of Silybin on gynaecological malignancies: synergism with cisplatin an doxorubicin. Eur J Cancer. 1996;32A(5):877-882.
Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle). Alt Med Rev. 1999;4(4):272-274.
Valenzuela A, Lagos C, Schmidt K, et al. Silymarin protection against hepatic lipid peroxidation induced by acute ethanol intoxication in the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1985;34(12):2209–2212.
von Schonfeld J, Weisbrod B, Muller MK. Silibinin, a plant extract with antioxidant and membrane stabilizing properties, protects exocrine pancreas from cyclosporin A toxicity. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1997;53(11–12):917–920.
White L, Mavor S. Kids, Herbs, Health. Loveland, Colo: Interweave Press; 1998:22, 36.
Zi X, Feyes DK, Agarwal R. Anticarcinogenic effect of a flavonoid antioxidant, silymarin, in human breast cancer cells MDA-MB 468: induction of G1 arrest through an increase in Cip1/p21 concomitant with a decrease in kinase activity of cyclin-dependent kinases and associated cyclins. Clin Cancer Res. 1998;4(4):1055-1064.
Zi X, Mukhtar H, Agarwal R. Novel cancer chemopreventive effects of a flavonoid antioxidant silymarin: inhibition of mRNA expression of an endogenous tumor promoter TNF-alpha. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997;239(1):334–339.
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
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